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Gut Microbes 2021Gut microbiota represents a therapeutic target for obesity. We hypothesize that CECT 7771 combined with wheat bran extract (WBE), its preferred carbon source, may exert...
Gut microbiota represents a therapeutic target for obesity. We hypothesize that CECT 7771 combined with wheat bran extract (WBE), its preferred carbon source, may exert superior anti-obesity effects. We performed a 17-week intervention in diet-induced obese mice receiving either , WBE, or their combination to identify interactions and independent actions on metabolism and immunity. combined with WBE was the most effective intervention, curbing weight gain and adiposity, while exerting more modest effects separately. The combination restored insulin-dependent metabolic routes in fat and liver, although the bacterium was the primary driver for improving whole-body glucose disposal. Moreover, -combined with WBE caused the highest increases in butyrate and restored the proportion of induced intraepithelial lymphocytes and type-3 innate lymphoid cells in the intestinal epithelium. Thus, strengthening the first line of immune defense against unhealthy diets and associated dysbiosis in the intestine. This intervention also attenuated the altered IL22 signaling and liver inflammation. Our study shows opportunities for employing , combined with WBE, to aid in the treatment of obesity.
Topics: Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bacteroides; Cecum; Diet, High-Fat; Dietary Fiber; Epididymis; Fatty Acids; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Inflammation; Insulin; Interleukins; Intestinal Mucosa; Liver; Lymphocytes; Male; Mice; Obesity; Signal Transduction; Thermogenesis; Weight Gain; Interleukin-22
PubMed: 33499721
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2020.1865706 -
Gut Microbes 2024Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota is believed to affect the hepatic...
Hepatic immunity is one of the driving forces for the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), and targeting gut microbiota is believed to affect the hepatic immune constitution. Here, we aimed to investigate the hepatic immunological state in NASH, with a specific emphasis on natural killer (NK) cells. In addition, we aimed to identify the contributing species that target hepatic immunity to provide new directions and support the feasibility of immunotherapy for NASH. A possible NASH population was determined by combination of long-term severe fatty liver, metabolic disorders and increased serum CK18 to detect serum immune factors and gut microbiota. NASH was induced in mice fed a high-fat diet to verify the prophylactic effect of the functional species on the immunopathology and development of NASH. Hepatic immunologic state was examined, and the effector functions of NK cells were detected. Hepatic transcriptome, proteomic, and fecal metagenome were performed. We observed a statistical increase in serum IL-10 (p < 0.001) and non-statistical decrease in interferon-γ and IL-6 in NASH population, hinting at the possibility of immune tolerance. Fecal Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum were abundant in healthy population but depleted in NASH patients. In NASH mice, hepatic CD8+T cells, macrophages, and dendritic cells were increased (p < 0.01), and NK cells were inhibited, which were identified with decreased granzyme B (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum improved hepatic pathological and metabolic cues, increased hepatic NK cells and reduced macrophages (p < 0.05). Bacteroides uniformis also restored hepatic NK cell function, which was identified as increased CD107a (p < 0.05). Transcriptional and translational profiling revealed that the functional species might restore the function of hepatic NK cells through multiple pathways, such as reduction of inhibitory molecules in NK cells. Bacteroides uniformis and Bifidobacterium bifidum are novel prophylactics for NASH that restore the impaired function of hepatic NK cells.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease; Diet, High-Fat; Bifidobacterium bifidum; Proteomics; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Killer Cells, Natural; Immune Tolerance
PubMed: 38196273
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2302065 -
Molecular Neurobiology Oct 2021Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral and neurochemical changes linked to loss of food intake control. Gut microbiota may influence appetite and food intake...
Food addiction (FA) is characterized by behavioral and neurochemical changes linked to loss of food intake control. Gut microbiota may influence appetite and food intake via endocrine and neural routes. The gut microbiota is known to impact homeostatic energy mechanisms, but its role in regulating the reward system is less certain. We show that the administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 (B. uniformis) in a rat FA model impacts on the brain reward response, ameliorating binge eating and decreasing anxiety-like behavior. These effects are mediated, at least in part, by changes in the levels of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline in the nucleus accumbens and in the expression of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors in the prefrontal cortex and intestine. B. uniformis reverses the fasting-induced microbiota changes and increases the abundance of species linked to healthy metabolotypes. Our data indicate that microbiota-based interventions might help to control compulsive overeating by modulating the reward response.
Topics: Animals; Anxiety; Bacteroides; Binge-Eating Disorder; Brain; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Humans; Infant, Newborn; Male; Microdialysis; Rats; Rats, Inbred WKY; Reward
PubMed: 34228269
DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02462-2 -
Frontiers in Cellular and Infection... 2017spp. are dominant components of the phylum Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota and prosper in glycan enriched environments. However, knowledge of the machinery of... (Observational Study)
Observational Study
spp. are dominant components of the phylum Bacteroidetes in the gut microbiota and prosper in glycan enriched environments. However, knowledge of the machinery of specific species isolated from humans (like ) contributing to the utilization of dietary and endogenous sources of glycans and their byproducts is limited. We have used the cutting-edge nanopore-based technology to sequence the genome of CECT 7771, a human symbiont with a proven pre-clinical efficacy on metabolic and immune dysfunctions in obesity animal models. We have also used massive sequencing approaches to distinguish the genome expression patterns in response to carbon sources of different complexity during growth. At genome-wide level, our analyses globally demonstrate that strains exhibit an expanded glycolytic capability when compared with other species. Moreover, by studying the growth and whole-genome expression of CECT 7771 in response to different carbon sources, we detected a differential growth fitness and expression patterns across the genome depending on the carbon source of the culture media. The dietary fibers used exerted different effects on CECT 7771 activating different molecular pathways and, therefore, allowing the production of different metabolite types with potential impact on gut health. The genome and transcriptome analysis of CECT 7771, in response to different carbon sources, shows its high versatility to utilize both dietary and endogenous glycans along with the production of potentially beneficial end products for both the bacterium and the host, pointing to a mechanistic basis of a mutualistic relationship.
Topics: Animals; Bacteroides; Cohort Studies; Dietary Fiber; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Gene Expression Profiling; Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial; Genome, Bacterial; Glycolysis; Humans; Infant; Obesity; Polysaccharides; Prospective Studies; Symbiosis
PubMed: 28971068
DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2017.00383 -
International Journal of Molecular... Sep 2023Previous studies have demonstrated that the intestinal abundance of is significantly higher in healthy controls than that in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC)....
Previous studies have demonstrated that the intestinal abundance of is significantly higher in healthy controls than that in patients with ulcerative colitis (UC). However, what effect has on the development of UC has not been characterized. Here, we show for the first time that F18-22, an alginate-fermenting bacterium isolated from the healthy human colon, protects against dextran-sulfate-sodium (DSS)-induced UC in mice. Specifically, oral intake of F18-22 alleviated colon contraction, improved intestinal bleeding and attenuated mucosal damage in diseased mice. Additionally, F18-22 improved gut dysbiosis in UC mice by increasing the abundance of anti-inflammatory acetate-producing bacterium and decreasing the amount of pro-inflammatory pathogenetic bacteria spp. Moreover, F18-22 was well-tolerated in mice and showed no oral toxicity after repeated daily administration for 28 consecutive days. Taken together, our study illustrates that F18-22 is a safe and novel probiotic bacterium for the treatment of UC from the healthy human colon.
Topics: Humans; Animals; Mice; Colitis, Ulcerative; Colon; Bacteroides; Probiotics; Dextran Sulfate; Disease Models, Animal; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Colitis
PubMed: 37834117
DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914669 -
Nature Communications Oct 2023Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Gut bacteria can influence the severity of malaria, but the... (Meta-Analysis)
Meta-Analysis
Malaria is caused by Plasmodium species and remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality globally. Gut bacteria can influence the severity of malaria, but the contribution of specific bacteria to the risk of severe malaria is unknown. Here, multiomics approaches demonstrate that specific species of Bacteroides are causally linked to the risk of severe malaria. Plasmodium yoelii hyperparasitemia-resistant mice gavaged with murine-isolated Bacteroides fragilis develop P. yoelii hyperparasitemia. Moreover, Bacteroides are significantly more abundant in Ugandan children with severe malarial anemia than with asymptomatic P. falciparum infection. Human isolates of Bacteroides caccae, Bacteroides uniformis, and Bacteroides ovatus were able to cause susceptibility to severe malaria in mice. While monocolonization of germ-free mice with Bacteroides alone is insufficient to cause susceptibility to hyperparasitemia, meta-analysis across multiple studies support a main role for Bacteroides in susceptibility to severe malaria. Approaches that target gut Bacteroides present an opportunity to prevent severe malaria and associated deaths.
Topics: Child; Humans; Animals; Mice; Microbial Consortia; Malaria; Bacteroides; Bacteroides fragilis; Anemia; Plasmodium yoelii
PubMed: 37833304
DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42235-0 -
Microbiology Resource Announcements Oct 2022Here, we describe the isolation and genomic annotation of two novel siphovirus species of bacteriophages that infect Bacteroides uniformis: Bacteroides phage EMB1 and...
Here, we describe the isolation and genomic annotation of two novel siphovirus species of bacteriophages that infect Bacteroides uniformis: Bacteroides phage EMB1 and Bacteroides phage EMB2. EMB1 has a 34,204-bp genome with 48 coding sequences, and EMB2 has a 34,008-bp genome with 47 coding sequences.
PubMed: 36121235
DOI: 10.1128/mra.00610-22 -
Gut Microbes 2022The intestinal flora plays an important role in the development of many human and animal diseases. Microbiome association studies revealed the potential regulatory...
The intestinal flora plays an important role in the development of many human and animal diseases. Microbiome association studies revealed the potential regulatory function of intestinal bacteria in many liver diseases, such as autoimmune hepatitis, viral hepatitis and alcoholic hepatitis. However, the key intestinal bacterial strains that affect pathological liver injury and the underlying functional mechanisms remain unclear. We found that the gut microbiota from gentamycin (Gen)-treated mice significantly alleviated concanavalin A (ConA)-induced liver injury compared to vancomycin (Van)-treated mice by inhibiting CD95 expression on the surface of hepatocytes and reducing CD95/CD95L-mediated hepatocyte apoptosis. Through the combination of microbiota sequencing and correlation analysis, we isolated 5 strains with the highest relative abundance, (BA), (PD), (BT), (BD) and (BU), from the feces of Gen-treated mice. Only BA played a protective role against ConA-induced liver injury. Further studies demonstrated that BA-reconstituted mice had reduced CD95/CD95L signaling, which was required for the decrease in the L-glutathione/glutathione (GSSG/GSH) ratio observed in the liver. BA-reconstituted mice were also more resistant to alcoholic liver injury. Our work showed that a specific murine intestinal bacterial strain, BA, ameliorated liver injury by reducing hepatocyte apoptosis in a CD95-dependent manner. Determination of the function of BA may provide an opportunity for its future use as a treatment for liver disease.
Topics: Animals; Apoptosis; Bacteria; Bacteroides; Feces; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Glutathione; Hepatocytes; Humans; Liver Diseases; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; fas Receptor
PubMed: 35129072
DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2022.2027853 -
Scientific Reports Jun 2021This study investigated the immune mechanisms whereby administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 reduces metabolic dysfunction in obesity. C57BL/6 adult male mice...
This study investigated the immune mechanisms whereby administration of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 reduces metabolic dysfunction in obesity. C57BL/6 adult male mice were fed a standard diet or a Western diet high in fat and fructose, supplemented or not with B. uniformis CECT 7771 for 14 weeks. B. uniformis CECT 7771 reduced body weight gain, plasma cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, and leptin levels; and improved oral glucose tolerance in obese mice. Moreover, B. uniformis CECT 7771 modulated the gut microbiota and immune alterations associated with obesity, increasing Tregs and reducing B cells, total macrophages and the M1/M2 ratio in both the gut and epididymal adipose tissue (EAT) of obese mice. B. uniformis CECT 7771 also increased the concentration of the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the gut, EAT and peripheral blood, and protective cytokines TSLP and IL-33, involved in Treg induction and type 2 innate lymphoid cells activation, in the EAT. It also restored the obesity-reduced TLR5 expression in the ileum and EAT. The findings indicate that the administration of a human intestinal bacterium with immunoregulatory properties on the intestinal mucosa helps reverse the immuno-metabolic dysfunction caused by a Western diet acting over the gut-adipose tissue axis.
Topics: Adaptive Immunity; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bacteroides; Bacteroides Infections; Cytokines; Disease Models, Animal; Energy Metabolism; Gastroenteritis; Gastrointestinal Microbiome; Immunity, Innate; Inflammation Mediators; Mice; Mice, Obese; Phenotype; Signal Transduction; Toll-Like Receptor 5
PubMed: 34083551
DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-90888-y -
PloS One 2012Associations have been made between obesity and reduced intestinal numbers of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, but there is no direct evidence of the role these...
BACKGROUND
Associations have been made between obesity and reduced intestinal numbers of members of the phylum Bacteroidetes, but there is no direct evidence of the role these bacteria play in obesity. Herein, the effects of Bacteroides uniformis CECT 7771 on obesity-related metabolic and immune alterations have been evaluated.
METHODS AND FINDINGS
Adult (6-8 week) male wild-type C57BL-6 mice were fed a standard diet or a high-fat-diet HFD to induce obesity, supplemented or not with B. uniformis CECT 7771 for seven weeks. Animal weight was monitored and histologic, biochemical, immunocompetent cell functions, and features of the faecal microbiota were analysed after intervention. The oral administration of B. uniformis CECT 7771 reduced body weight gain, liver steatosis and liver cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations and increased small adipocyte numbers in HFD-fed mice. The strain also reduced serum cholesterol, triglyceride, glucose, insulin and leptin levels, and improved oral tolerance to glucose in HFD fed mice. The bacterial strain also reduced dietary fat absorption, as indicated by the reduced number of fat micelles detected in enterocytes. Moreover, B. uniformis CECT 7771 improved immune defence mechanisms, impaired in obesity. HFD-induced obesity led to a decrease in TNF-α production by peritoneal macrophages stimulated with LPS, conversely, the administration of B. uniformis CECT 7771 increased TNF-α production and phagocytosis. Administering this strain also increased TNF-α production by dendritic cells (DCs) in response to LPS stimulation, which was significantly reduced by HFD. B. uniformis CECT 7771 also restored the capacity of DCs to induce a T-cell proliferation response, which was impaired in obese mice. HFD induced marked changes in gut microbiota composition, which were partially restored by the intervention.
CONCLUSIONS
Altogether, the findings indicate that administration of B. uniformis CECT 7771 ameliorates HFD-induced metabolic and immune dysfunction associated with intestinal dysbiosis in obese mice.
Topics: Absorption; Adipocytes; Adipose Tissue; Animals; Bacteroides; Body Weight; Cell Size; Cytokines; Dendritic Cells; Diet, High-Fat; Enterocytes; Fatty Liver; Macrophages, Peritoneal; Male; Metagenome; Mice; Mice, Inbred C57BL; Obesity; Species Specificity
PubMed: 22844426
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041079